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It underpins Andrew Scott Cooper’s “The Fall of Heaven,” which sets out to correct the “one-dimensional” Western narrative around the shah, with an eye to what we should expect of the region’s present dictators as they, like the shah, face off against “political extremists and religious fanatics.”Ĭooper shows his hand with his title. By the 1990s, far more Iranian women were “emancipated” than had ever been under the shah.ĭespite this lived experience, the common opinion that Middle Eastern women are best served by secular dictators endures. But in the years that followed, female literacy spiked, women’s university attendance expanded dramatically and women’s participation in public life soared.
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It produced an Islamic Republic that imposed Shariah law and mandated veiling. The 1979 Iranian revolution disrupted all this. He passed sweeping secular laws that gave women greater rights in the family, appointed women to high office and encouraged a Western liberality that involved Dior swimsuit shows and broadcasts of “The Mary Tyler Moore Show.” His efforts empowered a small elite of secular feminists, and led to women making up one-third of all university students by 1978. He urged them to come out from under their veils, attend university and show up as citizens in the public sphere. The former shah of Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, staked his modernization project on the secularization of Iranian life, and the emancipation of traditionally religious women. THE FALL OF HEAVEN The Pahlavis and the Final Days of Imperial Iran By Andrew Scott Cooper Illustrated.